What would bell hooks think of the remote teaching and learning in Physical Education during the COVID-19 pandemic? A critical review of the literature

This critical narrative review draws on bell hooks' engaged pedagogy to examine the pedagogies deployed by PE teachers and PETE educators in response to COVID-19. Full-text, empirical studies between 2020 and 2022 were accessed through Academic Search Complete, Education Database (ProQuest), Education Research Complete (EBSCO), ERIC (EBSCO), Scopus, and SPORTDiscus. In total, 86 articles were considered for full-text review, with 38 articles moving to data extraction after having met the study's inclusion criteria. We used inductive and deductive methods of data analysis. Findings are reported and discussed according to (a) the inductive identification of pedagogies deployed by PE teachers and PETE educators during COVID-19;and (b) the deductive analysis of the literature using bell hooks' engaged pedagogy as a theoretical lens. This review determined that whilst the COVID-19 pandemic may have signalled an opportunity to advance an engaged pedagogical approach in PE and PETE, there was scant evidence of teachers or researchers choosing this path. Instead, innovation, criticality, creativity, mutuality, engagement and meaningful learning was suspended in favour of day-to-day survival. Most papers focused on remote learning enablers rather than engaged pedagogy;that is, they focused on the communication technologies required to connect to online spaces and then to teach within them. We outline directions and critical challenges for PE teachers and PETE educators to develop equitable, inclusive, and empathetic classroom spaces which seek to create learning that is transformative, dynamic and holistic. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

Pediatric Respiratory Distress Education in Ethiopia: Needs Assessment and Development of an Instructional Video Curriculum

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The COVID-19 pandemic both highlighted the importance of identifying respiratory distress and limited in-person training to develop such skills. Respiratory distress caused by infections represents significant pediatric morbidity and mortality in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study is to conduct a needs assessment on trainees' attitudes about the identification and management of pediatric respiratory distress. METHOD(S): A needs assessment was conducted with medical students and residents at the University of Gondar Hospital, Ethiopia. Topics included comfort with identifying and managing pediatric respiratory distress and preferred teaching methods. The means for each teaching method were calculated. RESULT(S): Seventeen trainees were surveyed, including medical students (n=3) and residents (n=14). Trainees were very or somewhat uncomfortable with identifying nasal flaring (29%) and cyanosis (24%). Trainees were very or somewhat uncomfortable with the concepts of emergency triage assessment and treatment for children in respiratory distress (29%) and with applying bubble continuous positive airway pressure (35%). Almost all trainees (92%) indicated a need for training on the identification and management of pediatric respiratory distress. Trainees ranked practical skills as the preferred teaching method, followed by hands-on simulation, videos, and written tests. Based on the needs assessment, a video curriculum was developed to address identified gaps in pediatric respiratory distress education. CONCLUSION(S): There is a need for curricula about pediatric respiratory distress for trainees in global health settings. We have developed an instructional video curriculum to be piloted in Ethiopia in 2022. Research is needed to evaluate the curriculum's pedagogic outcomes.

Senicapoc treatment in COVID-19 patients with severe respiratory insufficiency-A randomized, open-label, phase II trial.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the current study was to determine if treatment with senicapoc, improves the PaO2 /FiO2 ratio in patients with COVID-19 and severe respiratory insufficiency. METHODS: Investigator-initiated, randomized, open-label, phase II trial in four intensive care units (ICU) in Denmark. We included patients aged ≥18 years and admitted to an ICU with severe respiratory insufficiency due to COVID-19. The intervention consisted of 50 mg enteral senicapoc administered as soon as possible after randomization and again after 24 h. Patients in the control group received standard care only. The primary outcome was the PaO2 /FiO2 ratio at 72 h. RESULTS: Twenty patients were randomized to senicapoc and 26 patients to standard care. Important differences existed in patient characteristics at baseline, including more patients being on non-invasive/invasive ventilation in the control group (54% vs. 35%). The median senicapoc concentration at 72 h was 62.1 ng/ml (IQR 46.7-71.2). The primary outcome, PaO2 /FiO2 ratio at 72 h, was significantly lower in the senicapoc group (mean 19.5 kPa, SD 6.6) than in the control group (mean 24.4 kPa, SD 9.2) (mean difference -5.1 kPa [95% CI -10.2, -0.04] p = .05). The 28-day mortality in the senicapoc group was 2/20 (10%) compared with 6/26 (23%) in the control group (OR 0.36 95% CI 0.06-2.07, p = .26). CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with senicapoc resulted in a significantly lower PaO2 /FiO2 ratio at 72 h with no differences for other outcomes.

Determination of camostat and its metabolites in human plasma - Preservation of samples and quantification by a validated UHPLC-MS/MS method.

OBJECTIVES: Camostat mesilate is a drug that is being repurposed for new applications such as that against COVID-19 and prostate cancer. This induces a need for the development of an analytical method for the quantification of camostat and its metabolites in plasma samples. Camostat is, however, very unstable in whole blood and plasma due to its two ester bonds. The molecule is readily hydrolysed by esterases to 4-(4-guanidinobenzoyloxy)phenylacetic acid (GBPA) and further to 4-guanidinobenzoic acid (GBA). For reliable quantification of camostat, a technique is required that can instantly inhibit esterases when blood samples are collected. DESIGN AND METHODS: An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) using stable isotopically labelled analogues as internal standards was developed and validated. Different esterase inhibitors were tested for their ability to stop the hydrolysis of camostat ester bonds. RESULTS: Both diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and paraoxon were discovered as efficient inhibitors of camostat metabolism at 10 mM concentrations. No significant changes in camostat and GBPA concentrations were observed in fluoride-citrate-DFP/paraoxon-preserved plasma after 24 h of storage at room temperature or 4 months of storage at -20 °C and -80 °C. The lower limits of quantification were 0.1 ng/mL for camostat and GBPA and 0.2 ng/mL for GBA. The mean true extraction recoveries were greater than 90%. The relative intra-laboratory reproducibility standard deviations were at a maximum of 8% at concentrations of 1-800 ng/mL. The trueness expressed as the relative bias of the test results was within ±3% at concentrations of 1-800 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: A methodology was developed that preserves camostat and GBPA in plasma samples and provides accurate and sensitive quantification of camostat, GBPA and GBA by UHPLC-MS/MS.

Feminists against fad, fizz ed: a poetic commentary exploring the notion of Joe Wicks as physical education

Introduction: Even though advocacy for poststructural feminist lenses to change/challenge physical education (PE) has grown over the years, there is an evident gap in qualitative research using poetic forms of representation in PE. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to use a poststructural feminist framework to challenge a particular kind of hegemonic reproduction of PE, particularly to explore the notion of ‘Joe Wicks as PE’. Participants and settings: Collaborative autoethnography framed this study and participants included three queer leaning female-identified early/mid-career PE teacher educators. Data collection/analysis: Over the course of eight weeks, we collected and generated a variety of texts individually and collectively. To capture our reactions, we decided to collect data around two ‘prompts’, namely the recorded podcast titled ‘Is Joe Wicks the face of PE?’ of an Association Internationale des Écoles Supérieures d’Éducation Physique (AIESEP) hosted chat, and our participation in a 9 am ‘PE with Joe’ session. We presented the data gathered in this project poetically. Findings: We divided the findings into two parts corresponding with our responses (collaborative autoethnographies) to the two themes, namely ‘We can’t fix this/that’ (aka ‘Banging our heads against a brick wall’) and ‘Joe Wicks as PE’ (aka ‘Feminist killjoys’). Implications: We believe that a poetic representation, in addition to nurturing and amplifying the emotional and lyrical data collected, presented an opportunity to contribute to, and extends this kind of representational style in PE. In addition to this, collaborative autoethnography allowed us as a community to advance scholarship and provides a space for collective empowerment. © 2021 Association for Physical Education.

NutriCoviD30 : étude nationale sur l'évaluation de l'état de santé et la prise en charge nutritionnelle à 1 mois d'une hospitalisation pour COVID-19

NutriCoviD30 est une étude nationale multicentrique apportant les premières données objectives observationnelles sur les symptômes, répercussions et interventions nutritionnelles, 30 j après hospitalisation des patients pour COVID-19. Après autorisation à démarrer l'étude de type 3 non interventionnelle (loi Jardé- NCT04365816) : détermination, à partir de la liste des sortants d'unités COVID, des patients à appeler 30 j après retour à domicile. Après information et non-opposition du patient, entretien téléphonique (avec aidant si besoin) pour recueil de données. Questionnaire comportant : informations sur séjour, poids et nutrition pendant hospitalisation, antécédents médicaux, symptômes ressentis de la maladie, évaluation de la prise alimentaire par échelle verbale/visuelle analogique SEFI® (Score d'Évaluation Facile des Ingesta), évolution du poids, alimentation et impact à 1 mois. Les patients inclus ont été hospitalisés entre le 2 mars et 19 mai 2020 dans 11 hôpitaux, répartis dans 6 CHU et 5 régions françaises. Les données de 403 patients (sur 945 potentiellement incluables) ont pu être analysées. Population : 63 % d'hommes, âge moyen = 62,2 ± 14,2 ans, IMC moyen = 28,8 ± 5,3 kg/m2. Vingt pour cent des patients vivaient seuls, 2 % en EHPA/EHPAD, 78 % à plusieurs. Durée médiane [interquartile] de séjour = 13 j [8 ;20], dont 30 % de passage en réanimation (médiane = 11 j [6 ;20]) et 26 % en SSR. Assistance ventilatoire : 20 % sans O2, 34 % avec O2 < 3 L/min, 27 % avec O2 > 3 L/min, 19 %intubation. Quatre-vingt pour cent avaient au moins 1 maladie chronique. Les médianes de SEFI® étaient de 2,5/10 [1 ;5] au plus mal (T1) pendant durée moyenne 10 j ± 8 ;de 7,5 [5 ;0] à la sortie de l'hôpital (T2) et 10 [8 ;10] à 1 mois de la sortie (T3). Le SEFI® change significativement avec le temps : +3,5 [2 ;6] entre T1–T2, +6 [3 ;8] entre T1–T3. Le poids moyen était 83,4 ± 17,3 kg avant la maladie, 77,0 ± 15,8 kg à l'hôpital et 78,9 ± 15,4 kg à 1 mois de la sortie : soit perte de poids moyenne significative de 8 % du poids d'origine (−6,5 kg poids brut) durant l'hospitalisation et gain de poids significatif de 4 % à 1 mois après la sortie (p < 0,001). Cinquante-sept pour cent des patients font habituellement attention à leur poids (dont 40 % pour perdre) et 42 % à leur alimentation (dont 23 % restrictive ou « sans »). Parmi les patients qui n'ont pas récupéré leur poids à 1 mois, 62 % invoquent une raison volontaire. Vingt-neuf pour cent des patients ont été en contact avec un diététicien ou médecin nutritionniste à l'hôpital, 24 % après leur sortie. Quarante-sept pour cent déclarent avoir eu une alimentation orale adaptée, 51 % des compléments nutritionnels oraux à l'hôpital, 8 % à la sortie. On retrouve 14 % de nutrition entérale et 6 % parentérale. À 1 mois de la sortie, 4 % ont altéré leur alimentation, 16 % adaptée, 18 % équilibrée, 63 %retrouvé une prise alimentaire habituelle. Une très grande fatigue reste le signe persistant pour 34 %. Ces résultats vont permettre d'orienter les prises en charge, la prévention de la dénutrition et argumenter en faveur des recommandations des sociétés savantes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Nutrition Clinique et Metabolisme is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 activation by TMPRSS2-related proteases and its metabolite GBPA exerts antiviral activity.

BACKGROUND: Antivirals are needed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2. The clinically-proven protease inhibitor Camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking the virus-activating host cell protease TMPRSS2. However, antiviral activity of Camostat mesylate metabolites and potential viral resistance have not been analyzed. Moreover, antiviral activity of Camostat mesylate in human lung tissue remains to be demonstrated. METHODS: We used recombinant TMPRSS2, reporter particles bearing the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 or authentic SARS-CoV-2 to assess inhibition of TMPRSS2 and viral entry, respectively, by Camostat mesylate and its metabolite GBPA. FINDINGS: We show that several TMPRSS2-related proteases activate SARS-CoV-2 and that two, TMPRSS11D and TMPRSS13, are robustly expressed in the upper respiratory tract. However, entry mediated by these proteases was blocked by Camostat mesylate. The Camostat metabolite GBPA inhibited recombinant TMPRSS2 with reduced efficiency as compared to Camostat mesylate. In contrast, both inhibitors exhibited similar antiviral activity and this correlated with the rapid conversion of Camostat mesylate into GBPA in the presence of serum. Finally, Camostat mesylate and GBPA blocked SARS-CoV-2 spread in human lung tissue ex vivo and the related protease inhibitor Nafamostat mesylate exerted augmented antiviral activity. INTERPRETATION: Our results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 can use TMPRSS2 and closely related proteases for spread in the upper respiratory tract and that spread in the human lung can be blocked by Camostat mesylate and its metabolite GBPA. FUNDING: NIH, Damon Runyon Foundation, ACS, NYCT, DFG, EU, Berlin Mathematics center MATH+, BMBF, Lower Saxony, Lundbeck Foundation, Novo Nordisk Foundation.

Effective implementation of unprecedented measures for the protection from COVID-19 syndrome

Despite 82 million populations, Turkey is one of the countries with the lowest mortality rates in the world as a result of successful crisis management and public compliance. Turkey's public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been rapid and continually evolving as described here. In this short communication we offer insight into the preparedness and response by Turkey of this continued global health threat posed by COVID-19. Turkey implemented multiple containment strategies prior to the first reported case within its borders- to reduce the burden and deadly risk of the virus. In the absence of a specific vaccine, governments, health care professionals and communities in general are continually working together to reduce exposure, infection, clinical severity and community transmission of COVID-19.

A validated UHPLC-MS/MS method for rapid determination of senicapoc in plasma samples.

The clinically tested KCa3.1 channel blocker, senicapoc, has been proven to have excellent pharmacological properties and prior clinical trials found it to be safe for use in patients with sickle cell anaemia. Currently, several preclinical projects are aiming to repurpose senicapoc for other indications, but well-described analytical methods in the literature are lacking. Our aim was to develop a sensitive, rapid and accurate ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method using pneumatically assisted electrospray ionisation (UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS) suitable for the determination of senicapoc in plasma samples. Unfortunately, direct analysis of senicapoc in crude acetonitrile extracts of human plasma samples by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS was subjected to significant and variable ion suppression from coeluting phospholipids (PLs). The interferences were mainly caused by the presence of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine classes of PLs, including their lyso-products. However, the PLs were easily removed from crude extracts by filtration through a sorbent with Lewis acid properties which decreased the total ion suppression effect to approximately 5%. Based on this technique, a simple high-throughput UHPLC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of senicapoc in 100-µL plasma samples. The lower limit of quantification was 0.1 ng/mL. The mean true extraction recovery was close to 100 %. The relative intra-laboratory reproducibility standard deviations of the measured concentrations were 8% and 4% at concentrations of 0.1 ng/mL and 250 ng/mL, respectively. The trueness expressed as the relative bias of the test results was within ± 2% at concentrations of 1 ng/mL or higher.

A smartphone-app intervention to build health literacy skills in people living with kidney failure requiring haemodialysis-a feasibility study

Aim: Determine the feasibility and acceptability of an app-based intervention to build health literacy skills. Background: Although, education programs for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are standard practice, no models of care exist to improve global health literacy skills, nor specifically target culturally and linguistically diverse groups. Methods: Adults over 18 undertaking haemodialysis were invited to use the SUCCESS App for 12 weeks. Measurements included the Health Literacy Questionnaire and the mHealth app usability questionnaire (MAUQ;7-point scale-1: strongly disagree, 7: strongly agree). Results: Our recruitment strategy was successful in reaching diverse patients (N = 98), nearly half of the participants were born outside of Australia (48%) and had limited health literacy (47%). Despite interruption due to Covid-19, 58.2% of participants completed the study. There was statistically significant improvement in the ability to actively engage with healthcare providers postintervention (pre: 20.5 ± 3.5, post: 21.1 ± 3.7, P = 0.006). Thirty-nine participants completed the MAUQ and most participants agreed that the app;was useful for their health and wellbeing 6 (IQR: 3), felt comfortable using it 6 (IQR: 2), would use it again 6 (IQR: 2.5) and were satisfied with it 6 (IQR: 2). Participants neither agreed or disagreed that the app could improve their access to healthcare services 4 (IQR: 3), somewhat agreed that it could help manage their health 5 (IQR: 3) and strongly agreed that they would recommend it to a friend 7 (IQR: 1.5). Conclusions: This study showed that it was feasible to use an app as a model of care to build health literacy for patients with CKD. The SUCCESS app was acceptable and may help build some health literacy skills.

Camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 activation by TMPRSS2-related proteases and its metabolite GBPA exerts antiviral activity.

Antiviral therapy is urgently needed to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The protease inhibitor camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection of lung cells by blocking the virus-activating host cell protease TMPRSS2. Camostat mesylate has been approved for treatment of pancreatitis in Japan and is currently being repurposed for COVID-19 treatment. However, potential mechanisms of viral resistance as well as camostat mesylate metabolization and antiviral activity of metabolites are unclear. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 can employ TMPRSS2-related host cell proteases for activation and that several of them are expressed in viral target cells. However, entry mediated by these proteases was blocked by camostat mesylate. The camostat metabolite GBPA inhibited the activity of recombinant TMPRSS2 with reduced efficiency as compared to camostat mesylate and was rapidly generated in the presence of serum. Importantly, the infection experiments in which camostat mesylate was identified as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor involved preincubation of target cells with camostat mesylate in the presence of serum for 2 h and thus allowed conversion of camostat mesylate into GBPA. Indeed, when the antiviral activities of GBPA and camostat mesylate were compared in this setting, no major differences were identified. Our results indicate that use of TMPRSS2-related proteases for entry into target cells will not render SARS-CoV-2 camostat mesylate resistant. Moreover, the present and previous findings suggest that the peak concentrations of GBPA established after the clinically approved camostat mesylate dose (600 mg/day) will result in antiviral activity.

Camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 activation by TMPRSS2-related proteases and its metabolite GBPA exerts antiviral activity (preprint)

Antiviral therapy is urgently needed to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The protease inhibitor camostat mesylate inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection of lung cells by blocking the virus-activating host cell protease TMPRSS2. Camostat mesylate has been approved for treatment of pancreatitis in Japan and is currently being repurposed for COVID-19 treatment. However, potential mechanisms of viral resistance as well as camostat mesylate metabolization and antiviral activity of metabolites are unclear. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 can employ TMPRSS2-related host cell proteases for activation and that several of them are expressed in viral target cells. However, entry mediated by these proteases was blocked by camostat mesylate. The camostat metabolite GBPA inhibited the activity of recombinant TMPRSS2 with reduced efficiency as compared to camostat mesylate and was rapidly generated in the presence of serum. Importantly, the infection experiments in which camostat mesylate was identified as a SARS-CoV-2 inhibitor involved preincubation of target cells with camostat mesylate in the presence of serum for 2 h and thus allowed conversion of camostat mesylate into GBPA. Indeed, when the antiviral activities of GBPA and camostat mesylate were compared in this setting, no major differences were identified. Our results indicate that use of TMPRSS2-related proteases for entry into target cells will not render SARS-CoV-2 camostat mesylate resistant. Moreover, the present and previous findings suggest that the peak concentrations of GBPA established after the clinically approved camostat mesylate dose (600 mg/day) will result in antiviral activity.